Genetic diversity and forensic utility of mtDNA in Jaat community of Haryana: a comprehensive study

This study emphasises the significance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in forensic genetics, focusing on its unique maternal inheritance and high copy number, which can enhance human identification. We investigate the genetic diversity and forensic applicability of mtDNA within the Jaat community of Haryana, India. Whole blood samples were collected from 215 unrelated Jaat individuals across various clans, following informed consent and ethics approval. Analysis of mtDNA from 210 individuals revealed a predominance of South Asian-specific haplogroups (60.29%), followed by West Eurasian (30.62%) and East Eurasian (7.66%) haplogroups. The data of the Jaat population exhibits a low Random Match Probability (RMP) of 0.016490, indicating a high level of haplotype diversity and potential for forensic individualization. Combined with the neutrality tests suggest that, despite being an endogamous group, the Jaat population displays evidence of past expansions and retains a diverse array of haplotypes. Given the Jaat community’s endogamous practices, which contribute to distinct maternal genetic lineages, our findings highlight the necessity of local mtDNA databases in forensic casework. By providing valuable insights, it aims to strengthen forensic genetic analyses across diverse ethnic contexts and forge a path for further investigations into population-specific mtDNA variability in India.