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July 24, 2026JAMA Network OpenOpen Access

Time of Day of Influenza Vaccination and Subsequent Influenza Risk

Karen K. Wong Anupam B. Jena

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Key Points

To investigate if the timing of influenza vaccination influences its effectiveness against the virus.
Cross-sectional design to collect data on vaccination timing and subsequent influenza risk.
Analysis correlating time of vaccination with observed influenza infection rates.
Found variations in vaccine effectiveness based on the time of day vaccination was administered.

Implication

Cross-sectional study examines influenza vaccination timing and its effect on vaccine effectiveness.

Abstract

This cross-sectional study examines whether time of day of influenza vaccination is associated with differences in vaccine effectiveness.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Wong et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a65a84ed3aea3239cd78be5 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.25267

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Keep reading

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

1The Chrono-Vax trial protocol: The effect of the time of day of influenza vaccination on immune responses in adults aged 60–85 years2025 · 1 citations
2A Pilot Study Exploring the Effects of Circadian Phase on Influenza Vaccination Antibody ResponsesOriginal Research · 2026
3Reduced Effectiveness of Repeat Influenza Vaccination: Distinguishing Among Within-Season Waning, Recent Clinical Infection, and Subclinical Infection2024 · 12 citations
4A Narrative Review on How Timing Matters: Circadian and Sleep Influences on Influenza Vaccine Induced Immunity2025 · 6 citations
5Influence of Prior Influenza Vaccination on Current Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Children Aged 1 to 5 YearsOriginal Research · 2021 · 4 citations

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