Theoretical exploration of force unification and spacetime origin, implying new insights into gravity's nature.
How are the four fundamental interactions unified? Where does spacetime come from? Why is gravity not a fundamental force? Why is spacetime four-dimensional? This paper proves that these four ultimate questions share the same answer: the order-parameter dynamics of Type-B traversable singularities. Force, geometry, and quantum merge into a single topological flow at the Type-B singularity — they are three components of the same geometric object in three different projection directions. Gravity is the thermodynamic limit of the information dissipation tensor at the horizon of a Type-B singularity — the Einstein field equations are the macroscopic mean-field equations of information dissipation; the graviton does not exist, and gravity does not require quantization. The four-dimensionality of spacetime is locked by the combined constraints of the Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem and the information–Einstein equations — spacetimes with more than four dimensions are destroyed by geometric instability in stable order-parameter field configurations, while fewer than four cannot support sufficient internal degrees of freedom. This paper also provides a unified geometric definition for six ultimate concepts — time, space, gravity, spacetime dimension, singularity, and the Big Bang — and proves two important corollaries: naked singularities are physically impossible to form (a dynamical mechanism argument for the cosmic censorship hypothesis), and the contribution of Planck-scale quantum fluctuations to the cosmological constant is automatically filtered by Type-B singularity dynamics (a dynamical resolution of the vacuum catastrophe problem). The appendix collects the geometric definitions of all thirty-five foundational concepts of physics, serving as a complete conceptual index for the Order Parameter Spacetime Theory series. If future experiments discover gravitons or observe effective dimensions deviating from four in high-energy experiments, this theory is falsified.
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涛 翟 (2026) studied this question.
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