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This review integrates findings from human and animal studies to explore histological changes in the diaphragm due to heart failure.

July 29, 2026

Histological changes of the diaphragm in heart failure: A scoping review of human and animal studies.

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Scoping review characterizes diaphragm remodeling in heart failure with implications for treatment.

This review integrates findings from human and animal studies to explore histological changes in the diaphragm due to heart failure.
Comprehensive search across five electronic databases
Screened 20 eligible studies (2 human, 18 animal)
Synthesis of histological findings in diaphragm post HF.
Diaphragm shows fast-to-slow muscle type transition and Type II fiber atrophy with increased fibrosis and capillarization.
Contrasts noted between diaphragm and limb muscle adaptations in heart failure.
Findings reveal a mismatch between structural changes and functional diaphragmatic endurance.

Fukunaga et al. (2026) studied this question.

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