Key result
Mortality from co-occurring IHD and arrhythmia drops ~24% from 1999 to 2024.
Why the study?
Ischemic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular mortality in the United States, and understanding long-term national trends and demographic disparities is essential for guiding prevention strategies and public health policies.
Cross-Sectional (n=1,885,917)
Absolute Event Rate: 31.75% vs 41.97%
Co-occurring ischemic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmia mortality has generally declined over the past 25 years, though a concerning reversal occurred between 2018 and 2021.
Mortality decline may guide prevention priorities; leaves open drivers of 2018-2021 reversal and sex disparities.
Background Ischemic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular mortality in the United States. Understanding long‐term national trends and demographic disparities is essential for guiding prevention strategies and public health policies. Methods A retrospective cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database from 1999 to 2024. Deaths in which IHD and a cardiac arrhythmia were both recorded were identified using ICD‐10 codes. Crude mortality rates and age‐adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Mortality patterns were further stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, geographic region, and urbanization status. Results A total of 1 885 917 deaths were attributed to IHD and cardiac arrhythmias between 1999 and 2024. The overall AAMR declined from 41.97 in 1999 to 31.75 in 2024. Mortality decreased substantially from 1999 to 2009, stabilized through 2018, and increased sharply during 2018–2021 before declining again through 2024. The cumulative AAMR was 45.09 among males and 23.33 among females. Mortality varied across racial and ethnic groups, geographic regions, urbanization levels, and age groups. Conclusion Although overall mortality related to IHD and cardiac arrhythmias has declined over the past two decades, demographic and geographic differences persist. The temporary rise during 2018–2021 coincided with the COVID‐19 pandemic period and underscores the need for sustained prevention strategies and equitable healthcare access.
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Murtaza et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Ischemic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias (n=1,885,917). Time period (1999-2024) was evaluated on Age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) per 100,000 population. Age-adjusted mortality related to co-occurring ischemic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias declined from 41.97 per 100,000 in 1999 to 31.75 per 100,000 in 2024, despite a temporary rise during 2018-2021.
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