Continuous Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement Using 60 GHz-Radar—A Feasibility Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Blood flow circulation through heart chambers, valves, arteries, and veins. Adapted with permission from [9]. © 1990, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

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  Figure 2. Example pressure pulse wave from the radial artery. Dicrotic notch location is marked with orange dot.

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  Figure 3. Example of transmitted chirp-signal frequency pattern from FMCW radar. Reprinted with permission from [26]. © 2020, IEEE.

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  Figure 4. Visualization of the relation between transmitted and received waves. Source: [25].

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  Figure 5. Employed signal processing pipeline. The boxes are colored according to their method subsection.

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  Figure 6. Example of returned PSD. Target detected at −4° relative to the radar.

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  Figure 7. Extracted mean reference pulse wave for correlation-based filtering.

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  Figure 8. Visualization of difference in pressure curve morphologies for young and old subjects. Reprinted with permission from [5]. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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  Figure 9. Visualization of typical blood pressure morphologies dependent on age group. Reprinted with permission from [5]. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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  Figure 10. Sketch of systolic and diastolic widths at given pulse pressure level. Reprinted with permission from [6]. © 2013, IEEE.

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  Figure 11. Data campaign setup.

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  Figure 12. Visualization of the radar setup for data collection. (a) Radar positioning at the left wrist, above the radial artery. Radar is inside a 3D printed enclosure and streams the collected radar data to the PC via standard USB connection. (b) Close up view of the radar positioning. The red square represents the radial artery. The radar is located in the 3D enclosure (represented in black), with a standoff of 3mm. The blue lines represent the reflected electromagnetic waves from different directions.