Exercise as a Supplementary Treatment for Parkinson's Disease

Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common neurological disorder with debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms. Purpose: To explore and understand PD, establish exercise as a treatment option, and determine the optimal evidence-based prescription of exercise based on current evidence. Methods: A narrative review of PD literature was conducted and four categories of findings were established. Results: Based on the review of literature, established risk factors for PD include personal, genetic, and environmental factors. Clinical tests for postural sway and instability are used for diagnosis. PD is associated with fatigue and falls, leading to further adversities. Treatment options such as medication and surgical procedures can mitigate symptoms but have side effects and do not improve postural stability. Exercise as a co-treatment has been indicated as a potential solution to some limitations. Guidelines include a variety of exercises and a progressive increase in frequency. Optimal benefits arise from aerobic components, amplitude-specific training, and vigorous intensity. Conclusion: Exercise is a valid component of PD treatment. Prescription should be individualized and include a variety of exercises, including balance, flexibility, resistance, aerobic, and amplitude-specific exercises performed at a vigorous intensity whenever possible.