Key result
Maternal exposure to exogenous female sex hormones was associated with a significantly increased risk of major anomalies of the VACTERL group (RR 8.41, P<0.001) and congenital heart lesions.
Why the study?
Does maternal exposure to exogenous progestogen and estrogen increase the risk of birth defects in infants?
Observational
Single-blind
Does maternal exposure to exogenous progestogen and estrogen increase the risk of birth defects in infants?
Relative Risk: 8.41
p-value: p=<.001
Maternal exposure to exogenous female sex hormones is associated with a significantly increased risk of congenital anomalies, including cardiac defects.
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Exogenous hormones in pregnancy were associated with VACTERL anomalies; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective confirmation before practice change.
James J. Nora (1978) conducted an observational in Birth defects. Exogenous female sex hormones vs. No maternal hormonal exposure was evaluated on Three major anomalies of the VACTERL group (RR 8.41, p=<.001). Maternal exposure to exogenous female sex hormones was associated with a significantly increased risk of major anomalies of the VACTERL group (RR 8.41, P<0.001) and congenital heart lesions.
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