Key result
During ivabradine therapy, a greater decrease in the E-wave and A-wave overlap length measured by Doppler echocardiography was significantly correlated with a greater increase in cardiac output (r=-0.84, p=0.009).
Why the study?
Heart rate modulation with ivabradine improves morbidity and mortality in systolic heart failure, but the target heart rate for this population remains to be elucidated.
Does the change in E-wave and A-wave overlap length correlate with changes in cardiac output during ivabradine therapy in patients with HFrEF?
Observational (n=8)
No
Does the change in E-wave and A-wave overlap length correlate with changes in cardiac output during ivabradine therapy in patients with HFrEF?
Effect estimate: r=-0.84
p-value: p=0.009
In patients with HFrEF, optimizing heart rate with ivabradine to minimize E-wave and A-wave overlap on Doppler echocardiography is associated with improved cardiac output.
Minimizing E-A overlap with ivabradine may raise cardiac output in HFrEF; leaves open optimal heart-rate targets pending randomized confirmation.
Objective Heart rate modulation therapy using ivabradine reduces both morbidity and mortality in patients with systolic heart failure. However, the target heart rate for this patient population remains to be elucidated. Methods In this prospective observational study, we included patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction who received 5.0 mg/day of ivabradine for three days. At baseline and three days later, the overlap length between E-wave and A-wave using trans-mitral Doppler echocardiography, as well as the cardiac output using AESCLONE mini, were simultaneously measured. The associations between Δ overlap length and Δ cardiac output were then investigated. Results Eight patients [77 (53, 87) years old, 2 men] were included. The heart rate decreased from 81 (69, 104) bpm down to 64 (57, 79) bpm (p=0.012). The overlap length increased in four patients and decreased in the other four patients. During the time period of ivabradine therapy, patients who had a greater decrease in overlap length had a greater increase in cardiac output (r=0.84, p=0.009). Conclusion Decreases in the overlap length between E-wave and A-wave by Doppler echocardiography were associated with an increase in the cardiac output while on ivabradine therapy. The implications of Doppler echocardiography-guided heart rate modulation therapy targeting a minimal overlap length therefore require further evaluation in larger, prospective studies.
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Hori et al. (2021) conducted an observational in Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (n=8). Ivabradine vs. Baseline (pre-treatment) was evaluated on Correlation between the change in cardiac output and the change in overlap length between E-wave and A-wave (r=-0.84, p=0.009). During ivabradine therapy, a greater decrease in the E-wave and A-wave overlap length measured by Doppler echocardiography was significantly correlated with a greater increase in cardiac output (r=-0.84, p=0.009).
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