Key result
Higher cynical hostility was associated with increased odds of high symptom load in women (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7-2.6) and men (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.8-2.8), an effect not mediated by health behaviors.
Why the study?
Does cynical hostility increase self-reported symptom load in middle-aged adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=7,125)
Does cynical hostility increase self-reported symptom load in middle-aged adults?
Cynical hostility is independently associated with a higher self-reported physiological and mental symptom load in middle-aged adults, independent of health behaviors and socioeconomic position.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Should not yet change practice; hypothesis-generating for prospective studies on hostility and symptom burden.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cross-sectional association between cynical hostility and high symptom load in a Danish population-based study. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate to what extent health risk behaviors mediated this association. METHODS: Data were based on a postal questionnaire in a Danish random sample of 3426 men and 3699 women aged 40 or 50 years. Cynical hostility was measured by the 8-item Cynical Distrust Scale. High symptom load was assessed by physiological and mental symptoms experienced within the last 4 weeks. Confounders were age and socioeconomic position, while potential mediators were alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and BMI. RESULTS: Higher cynical hostility was associated with self-reported symptom load. Health behaviors did not seem to mediate this effect. Socioeconomic position was a strong confounder for the effect on both health and health behaviors. After adjustment the effects of hostility on health remained with odds ratios of 2.1 (1.7-2.6) for women and 2.3 (1.8-2.8) for men. CONCLUSION: After adjustment for socioeconomic position, cynical hostility has an effect on self-reported high symptom load, and this effect is not mediated by health behaviors.
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Christensen et al. (2004) conducted a cross-sectional in General population (n=7,125). Cynical hostility vs. Lower cynical hostility was evaluated on High symptom load (physiological and mental symptoms) (OR 2.1 (women) and 2.3 (men), 95% CI 1.7-2.6 (women) and 1.8-2.8 (men)). Higher cynical hostility was associated with increased odds of high symptom load in women (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7-2.6) and men (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.8-2.8), an effect not mediated by health behaviors.
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