Repurposing hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) for colorectal cancer: a retrospective and single center study

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. The flowchart of this study.

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  FIGURE 2. Number of CRC patients underwent surgery during 2005–2015 in Queen Mary Hospital and treated with antihypertensive drugs.

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  FIGURE 3. Mendelian randomization analyses for antihypertensive drugs use (exposure) on cancer-specific survival (CSS) outcome.

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  FIGURE 4. 5-year overall survival (OS) analysis of different antihypertensive drugs treated CRC patients (A) Percentage of patients who can live more than 5 years post-surgery. Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) group showed better prognosis when compared to other antihypertensive drugs, and the difference was significant for some of the comparison as shown in the table. (B) Log-rank analysis showing the overall survival of patients in different drug groups. Hydrochlorthiazide group was obviously better than the remaining drug groups.

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  FIGURE 5. Effect of Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) on prognosis of advance stage or elderly CRC patients (A) Stage-specific 5-year overall survival (OS) data of HCTZ-treated CRC patients and overall CRC patients in Hong Kong. The prognosis of advance stage group (Stage III and IV) in HCTZ group was better than the overall CRC patients in Hong Kong. (B) Comparison of 5-year overall survival (OS) of elderly patients between HCTZ-treated group and overall data in Hong Kong.

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  FIGURE 6. Effect of Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) on disease recurrence of CRC patients who performed curative surgery (A) Comparison of overall recurrence rate among HCTZ-treated patients, non-HCTZ antihypertensive drug treated patients and data reported from a local hospital which included 650 CRC patients who underwent curative-intent resection between 2000 and 2006 (KC Cheng et al., 2008). (B) Comparison of stage-specific recurrence rate among HCTZ-treated and non-HCTZ antihypertensive drug treated patients in this study.

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  FIGURE 7. Pre-operative basophil level is associated with prognosis of Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) –treated CRC patients (A) Level of pre-operative basophil in good or poor prognosis overall CRC patients (left) and stage III CRC patients (right) based on their 5-year overall survival status. It was shown that low basophil level was associated with good prognosis. (B) Level of pre-operative basophil in good or poor prognosis overall CRC patients (left) and stage III CRC patients (right) based on their 5-year disease-free survival status after curative surgery. It was shown that low basophil level was associated with good prognosis.