What question did this study set out to answer?

To highlight the diagnostic challenges of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma presenting as orbital cellulitis in immunocompromised patients.

August 1, 2026CureusOpen Access

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as Orbital Cellulitis in a Patient With Relapsed Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia

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Case report shows conjunctival SCC mimicking orbital cellulitis in a relapsed acute leukemia patient, highlighting diagnostic challenges.

To highlight the diagnostic challenges of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma presenting as orbital cellulitis in immunocompromised patients.
Case report of a 40-year-old patient with relapsed mixed phenotype acute leukemia.
Imaging (CT and MRI) demonstrated persistent orbital soft tissue thickening.
Ophthalmologic biopsy confirmed invasive conjunctival SCC after failure of antimicrobial therapy.
Persistent unilateral periorbital swelling and pain despite broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Biopsy revealed moderately differentiated conjunctival SCC with lymphovascular invasion.
Peripheral blood flow cytometry ruled out leukemic involvement, identifying a secondary epithelial malignancy.

Bidgoli et al. (2026) studied this question.

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