A Comparative Study of Cold and Hot Conditions of Solvent Extraction, Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compound Analysis of Jasminum sambac Floral Parts

Jasminum sambac is widely cultivated as an ornamental and medicinal plant due to the presence of aroma and several medicinal constituents present in it. Jasmine concretes are extensively used in cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, syrups, disinfectants, and detergents, and they have phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. In this study, solvent extraction of Jasminum sambac was performed using five solvents representing different functional groups, namely ethanol (ET), ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DCM), hexane (HEX), and diisopropyl ether (DIPE), under both cold and hot extraction conditions. Different floral parts, namely whole flowers, petals, and sepals, were extracted separately. The bioactive constituents of the resulting concrete oils were analysed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. The phytochemical screening tests, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), antioxidant activity assays, and morphological studies using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), were also investigated. The major components present in each category were identified and presented; the important components of the cold method are identified as alpha‐farnesene, germacrene‐D, linalool, germacrene‐4‐ol, 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol, and andrographolide. Cold extraction with ethanol resulted in higher levels of terpenoids (54%) in the overall composition whereas a higher TPC value (0.075 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained for the ethanol extract at hot conditions. The ethanol extract also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity at a concentration of 300 μg/mL. Additionally, the phytochemical constituents of extracts obtained using all five solvents were analysed. In comparison with hot extraction and cold extraction, the hot extraction produced higher yields, especially with ethanol. Among the solvents investigated, hexane, DIPE, and ethanol produced higher‐intensity peaks, which may be attributed to their polarity characteristics. Compared with sepals and petals, the whole flowers exhibited a greater abundance of bioactive compounds irrespective of the solvent used.