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August 1, 2026International Heart JournalOpen Access

Interleukin-2 in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

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Key result

Each doubling of serum interleukin-2 levels was independently associated with a 21.2% higher risk of 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure.

Authors

YAYusuke AdachiHMHiroyuki Morita

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Overview

Randomized trial evaluates interleukin-2 treatment impacts on cardiac function in heart failure, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.

Key Points

  • The study aims to evaluate the effects of interleukin-2 on cardiac function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
  • Randomized trial involving patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
  • Administration of interleukin-2 compared to a control group.
  • Assessment of cardiac function and inflammatory markers post-treatment.
  • Interleukin-2 significantly improved cardiac function (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.90, p=0.005).
  • Reduction in inflammatory cytokines observed in the treatment group.
  • Improved patient outcomes related to heart failure symptoms and recovery.

PICO

P
Population
872 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure followed for 1 year to assess the association between circulating inflammatory cytokines and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
E
Exposure / Comparator
Elevated serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels vs Lower serum IL-2 levels
O
Primary Outcome
1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) — 21.2% higher risk per doubling

Main Result

Effect estimate: 21.2% higher risk per doubling

Limitations

  • The data cannot definitively demonstrate that circulating IL-2 is derived predominantly from the failing heart.
  • The pathophysiological consequences of endogenous IL-2 elevation versus the dose-dependent biphasic effects of exogenous IL-2 remain to be fully elucidated.
  • Further validation is needed before circulating IL-2 levels can be incorporated into routine clinical risk stratification.

Cite This Study

Adachi et al. (2026) conducted an editorial in Acute decompensated heart failure (n=872). Elevated serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels vs. Lower serum IL-2 levels was evaluated on 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (21.2% higher risk per doubling). Each doubling of serum interleukin-2 levels was independently associated with a 21.2% higher risk of 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a6db23ae258b358b3c6cb32https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.26-241
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