Psychosocial Indexes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Community Sample

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial characteristics might contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of cardiovascular disease as it is increasingly recognised that biomedical risk factors do not fully explain its dynamics. This study aimed to describe psychometric indexes in a Portuguese community sample relating them to known cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS: Anthropometric, blood pressure, serum measurements and information on demographic, social, medical and behavioural characteristics were obtained for 215 women and 156 men. Self-administered questionnaires were used for the psychometric evaluation (Bortner scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Hopkins Symptom Distress Checklist 90-Revised, Psychological General Well-Being and the Nottingham Health Profile, NHP). RESULTS: There were significant differences according to gender regarding almost every psychometric dimension assessed. After adjusting for the presence of different biomedical risk factors, significant decreasing mean behaviour pattern scores were found with increasing age. Mean depression scores were significantly higher in women and in individuals with lower educational level. As to general psychological well-being, the highest scores were obtained for men and individuals with higher educational level. For the assessed dimensions of quality of life, as well as indexes of psychopathology, men scored better than women. No significant differences in mean scores of behaviour pattern, depression, psychological general well-being and dimensions of NHP were found according to the presence of an increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the clustering of multiple biomedical risk factors does not result in additive deleterious psychological effects and that psychometric indexes are mainly dependent on gender and education, common confounders in most studies evaluating cardiovascular risk factors.