Key result
Co-administration of PPIs in patients receiving low-dose aspirin was associated with a 73% risk reduction in peptic ulcer (RR 0.27; 95% CI 0.17-0.42) and a 50% reduction in GI bleeding.
Why the study?
Does co-administration of proton pump inhibitors reduce adverse gastrointestinal events in patients taking low-dose aspirin?
Systematic Review
Does co-administration of proton pump inhibitors reduce adverse gastrointestinal events in patients taking low-dose aspirin?
Relative Risk: 0.27 (95% CI 0.17–0.42)
Co-prescribing PPIs with low-dose aspirin reduces the risk of peptic ulcers and GI bleeding, though the supporting evidence is weak and subject to publication bias.
PPI co-prescription was associated with fewer GI events in aspirin users; leaves open net clinical benefit and CV effects pending stronger evidence.
BACKGROUND: Several clinical guidelines recommend the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients taking low-dose aspirin but report no or limited supporting data. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of co-administration of PPIs in patients taking low-dose aspirin on the risks of adverse gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular (CV) events, and on patient adherence to aspirin. METHODS: We searched PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for relevant articles published through November 2013. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies in patients taking low-dose aspirin with and without PPIs. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool (for RCTs) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (for observational studies). Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were computed using a random-effects model. RESULTS: We included 13 studies, of which 12 (2 RCTs and 10 observational studies) reported on GI events, and one (cohort study) on both GI bleeding and CV events. No study reported on adherence to aspirin. Co-administration of PPIs in patients receiving low-dose aspirin was associated with risk reductions of 73% (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.42) and 50% (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.80) in the occurrence of peptic ulcer and GI bleeding respectively. There was evidence of bias in publications reporting on the GI events. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of co-prescribing PPIs in patients taking low-dose aspirin is supported by some data, but the evidence is rather weak. It currently remains unclear whether the benefits of co-administration of PPIs in users of low-dose aspirin outweigh their potential harms.
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Tran‐Duy et al. (2015) conducted a systematic review in Patients taking low-dose aspirin. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) vs. No PPIs was evaluated on Peptic ulcer (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.42). Co-administration of PPIs in patients receiving low-dose aspirin was associated with a 73% risk reduction in peptic ulcer (RR 0.27; 95% CI 0.17-0.42) and a 50% reduction in GI bleeding.
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