Key result
Patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes and hypertension had significantly higher gene expression and serum levels of CD36 and YKL-40 compared to healthy controls.
Why the study?
Are protein levels and gene expression of CD-36, PPAR-γ, and YKL-40 altered in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to controls?
Cross-Sectional (n=144)
No
Are protein levels and gene expression of CD-36, PPAR-γ, and YKL-40 altered in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to controls?
Absolute Event Rate: 4.29% vs 0.82%
p-value: p=0.006
CD36 and YKL-40 are elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, suggesting they may serve as potential inflammatory biomarkers for early-onset atherosclerosis.
Elevated CD36, PPAR-γ and YKL-40 levels in T2DM may indicate subclinical atherosclerosis risk; leaves open clinical utility pending prospective validation.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: : Various biological markers of subclinical atherosclerosis have been proposed to predict cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, there are only a few clinical studies assessing the role of invasive biomarkers [CD-36, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and YKL-40] in Indian patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Hence, the present study was conducted to assess protein levels and gene expression of CD-36, PPAR-γ and YKL-40 in patients with T2DM and compare that with hypertensive and healthy controls. METHODS: : All the participants were subjected to medical history, anthropometric measurements and biochemical and biomarker (ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction) estimations. The study groups consisted of patients with T2DM (>5 yr) with hypertension (n=55), patients with T2DM (<2 yr) without hypertension (n=28), hypertensive controls (n=31) and healthy controls (n=30). RESULTS: : Gene expressions of YKL-40 and CD36 were significantly higher in patients with T2DM (>5 yr) with hypertension compared to healthy controls (P=0.006). In addition, a significant increase in serum levels of sCD36, PPAR-γ and YKL-40 was observed in patients with T2DM (>5 yr) with hypertension compared to healthy controls (P< 0.05). Serum levels as well as gene expression of CD36 showed significant correlation with serum levels as well as gene expression of PPAR-γ (ρ=0.45 and ρ=0.51; P< 0.001), respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: : CD36 and YKL-40 may be potential inflammatory biomarkers for early onset of atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM.
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Kulkarni et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=144). Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Gene expression of YKL-40 (-∆∆Ct) (p=0.006). Patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes and hypertension had significantly higher gene expression and serum levels of CD36 and YKL-40 compared to healthy controls.
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