This article examines how inclusive urban development occurs through civic agency and institutional structures, suggesting new frameworks for analysis.
Key Points
The article aims to explore the relational dimensions of placemaking and how inclusive outcomes are generated in urban development.
Developed the Relational Placemaking for Inclusion (RPI) framework with three dimensions: temporality, institutional resonance, and design agency.
Analyzed three European case studies to evaluate inclusion practices in diverse urban contexts.
Proposed guidance for scaling inclusive placemaking based on findings from the case studies.
Participation alone does not guarantee inclusive outcomes; instead, inclusion requires ongoing civic relationships beyond project timelines.
Institutional absorption and legitimacy of emergent practices enhance the effectiveness of participatory approaches.
Mediators play a crucial role in recognizing diverse knowledge and addressing power dynamics in the placemaking process.