What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Review. Population: Chronic kidney disease. Intervention: Female sex vs. Male sex.

What does this research mean for the field?

Women with chronic kidney disease exhibit distinct cardiovascular phenotypes compared to men, including a higher prevalence of HFpEF and microvascular dysfunction, yet they remain undertreated and underrepresented in clinical trials. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore sex-based differences in cardiovascular outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease and identify care gaps.

August 2, 2026Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Sex and Cardiovascular Outcomes with Chronic Kidney Disease

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Key result

Women with CKD exhibit distinct cardiovascular phenotypes including more HFpEF but remain undertreated versus men.

Why the study?

Women with CKD have a high CVD burden with phenotypes and outcomes differing from men, yet remain undertreated and underrepresented in CKD and cardio-renal trials.

Design

Narrative review

Authors

SSSilvi ShahHypertension Institute EOEster OhUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus PYPreethi YerramUniversity of Missouri

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Sex-specific CVD phenotyping in CKD warrants tailored evaluation; leaves open dedicated trials to test targeted interventions.

Key Points

The aim is to explore sex-based differences in cardiovascular outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease and identify care gaps.
Narrative review of existing literature on cardiovascular phenotypes and outcomes in women and men with CKD.
Assessment of differences in heart failure presentations and treatment responses between genders.
Evaluation of care gaps and recommendations for gender-specific approaches in managing CKD and cardiovascular disease.
Women with CKD present more frequently with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, whereas men show heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Despite lower pre-dialysis CVD mortality, women's relative risk increases with declining kidney function and albuminuria.
Women remain underrepresented in clinical trials and face gaps in treatment, despite advances in pharmacotherapy.

Structured PICO

Population

Men and women with chronic kidney disease (CKD)

This review highlights significant sex-based differences in cardiovascular phenotypes among CKD patients, emphasizing the need for improved phenotyping and equitable representation in clinical trials.

Cite This Study

Shah et al. (2026) conducted a review in Chronic kidney disease. Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated. Women with chronic kidney disease exhibit distinct cardiovascular phenotypes compared to men, including more HFpEF and microvascular dysfunction, yet remain undertreated and underrepresented in trials.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a6efa8d1b0468a7eeab4794 https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.0000001167

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Sex and Cardiovascular Outcomes with Chronic Kidney Disease

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Sex and Cardiovascular Outcomes with Chronic Kidney Disease

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Also Consider