Key result
The 'brain-heart-gut' axis is proposed as a novel mechanism for future cardiovascular disease, mediated by early life risk factors, lifestyle interventions, and the microbiome.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular disease is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, and the mechanisms underlying both established and future cardiovascular disease need further exploration.
Proposes the 'brain-heart-gut' axis as a novel mechanism for future cardiovascular disease mediated by lifestyle and microbiome.
No practice change warranted; leaves open validation of brain-heart-gut axis in future CVD research.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the globe. Both established cardiovascular disease (eCVD) and future CVD (fCVD) need to further explore the mechanisms. This article briefly introduces current major studies on axis and CVD, which were published in cardiovascular journals and non-cardiovascular journals (Table 1 & Table 2), and brings up and discusses the new origins of fCVD linking to major risk factors in early life due to unhealthy “environment-sleep-emotion-exercise-diet” intervention [E(e)SEEDi] lifestyle referred as to a “Golden Hoop Curse”, and the “brain-heart-gut” axis—a fresh theory on novel mechanisms of fCVD (Figure 1 & Figure 2), which are mediated by E(e)SEEDi lifestyle and microbiome. As a new theory, the “brain-heart-gut” axis will help us to earlier and better prevent and control both eCVD and fCVD with healthy E(e)SEEDi lifestyle.
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Chunsong Hu (2022) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. E(e)SEEDi lifestyle and microbiome was evaluated. The 'brain-heart-gut' axis is proposed as a novel mechanism for future cardiovascular disease, mediated by early life risk factors, lifestyle interventions, and the microbiome.
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