Key result
European swine influenza strains from 1938 and 1939 were more closely related to early human H1N1 reference strains than to U.S. swine isolates from 1931 and 1937, with no evidence of reassortment.
Population
Influenza A viruses isolated between 1931 and 1939 from clinically sick pigs in the United States or Europe
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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1930s US swine isolates define a distinct lineage; extends influenza A phylogeny in pigs but leaves open zoonotic implications.
Early European swine influenza strains from 1938-1939 were closely related to early human H1N1 strains, indicating human-to-swine transmission without reassortment.
Neumeier et al. (1994) studied Influenza A (H1N1). Geographic origin (European vs U.S.) vs. U.S. swine influenza isolates was evaluated on Phylogenetic lineage and genetic relatedness. European swine influenza strains from 1938 and 1939 were more closely related to early human H1N1 reference strains than to U.S. swine isolates from 1931 and 1937, with no evidence of reassortment.
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