Key result
Female sex was associated with lower overall blood pressure control rates compared to males (31.9% vs 35.6%, p<0.01), though optimal antihypertensive drug classes varied by age and sex.
Why the study?
Blood pressure control remains a major challenge, and significant sex differences exist in antihypertensive drug use and blood pressure control.
Are there sex and age differences in antihypertensive drug use and blood pressure control rates?
Observational (n=1,529)
No
Are there sex and age differences in antihypertensive drug use and blood pressure control rates?
Absolute Event Rate: 31.9% vs 35.6%
p-value: p=<0.01
Blood pressure control rates and optimal antihypertensive drug classes differ significantly by sex and age, suggesting a need for tailored therapy.
Sex differences in BP control merit caution in generalizing results; leaves open whether age- and sex-specific regimens improve outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Epidemiological studies have shown the benefits of lowering blood pressure (BP), but BP control is a major challenge. Furthermore, there are significant sex differences in antihypertensive drug use and BP control. This study examined sex differences in antihypertensive drug use and BP control, with the aim of reducing the complications of hypertension and improving quality of life. METHODS: The study was performed in our outpatient hypertension clinic, and included 1529 patients without secondary hypertension or comorbidities. The study, investigated BP control rates and patterns of antihypertensive drug use in male and female. All data were collected using structured questionnaires and patient measurements. RESULTS: The study included 713 males and 816 females in this study. Fewer females had hypertension in the younger age group (16.2% vs 11.6%; p>0.05), but this difference disappeared in middle-aged (47.8% vs 49.9 %; p<0.05) and elderly age groups (36.0% vs 38.5%; p<0.05). BP control rates differed between males and females (35.6% in male, 31.9% in female, p<0.01). There was an overall difference in BP control rates between males and females (35.6% in males, 31.9% in females, p<0.01). In this aged 18-44 years, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed the best control rate in males, while calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were least effective (61.5% with ACEIs, 28.6% with CCBs; p<0.05). In this aged 45-64 years, diuretics (DUs) showed the best control rate in females, while CCBs were least effective (47.5% with DUs, 28.3% with CCBs; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sex plays an important role in BP control. In those aged 18-44 years, males using ACEIs showed best control rates. In those aged 45-64 years, females using DUs showed best control rates. Our study provides a basis with the selection of antihypertensive drugs according to sex and age.
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Wang et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Hypertension (n=1,529). Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated on Blood pressure control rate (p=<0.01). Female sex was associated with lower overall blood pressure control rates compared to males (31.9% vs 35.6%, p<0.01), though optimal antihypertensive drug classes varied by age and sex.
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