A directional coupler optical switch with good switching characteristics (extinction ratio of more than 22 dB at 22.5-V applied voltage) and low-loss guiding properties (total insertion loss of 10.7 dB including Fresnel reflection loss of 4.0 dB) has been developed. The switch element was mounted on a ceramic stem and jointed directly with polarization-maintaining optical fibers. High speed operation of 1.6 GHz was achieved.
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Inoue et al. (1986) studied this question.
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