Key result
Thirteen novel type 2 recombinant enterovirus G genomes lacking structural proteins were identified in pig farms in Japan, suggesting persistent infection and circulation among weaning piglets and sows.
Observational (n=301)
The study identifies novel type 2 recombinant porcine enterovirus G genomes in Japanese pig farms, suggesting persistent infection and replication in pigs of various ages.
Recombinant EV-G detected in pigs; leaves open zoonotic recombination risks and needs expanded surveillance.
Type 1 recombinant enterovirus G (EV-G), which carries the papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene of torovirus between its 2C/3A regions, and type 2 recombinant EV-G, which carries the torovirus PLCP gene with its flanking regions having non-EV-G sequences in place of the viral structural genes, have been detected in pig farms in several countries. In a previous study, we collected 222 fecal samples from 77 pig farms from 2104 to 2016 and detected one type 2 recombinant EV-G genome by metagenomics sequencing. In this study, we reanalyzed the metagenomic data and detected 11 type 2 recombinant EV-G genomes. In addition, we discovered new type 2 recombinant EV-G genomes of the two strains from two pig farms samples in 2018 and 2019. Thus, we identified the genomes of 13 novel type 2 recombinant EV-Gs isolated from several pig farms in Japan. Type 2 recombinant EV-G has previously been detected only in neonatal piglets. The present findings suggest that type 2 recombinant EV-G replicates in weaning piglets and sows. The detection of type 1 recombinant EV-Gs and type 2 recombinant EV-Gs at 3-year and 2-year intervals, respectively, from the same pig farm suggests that the viruses were persistently infecting or circulating in these farms.
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Imai et al. (2022) conducted an observational in Porcine enterovirus G infection (n=301). Type 2 recombinant enterovirus G (EV-G) was evaluated on Detection and genomic characterization of type 2 recombinant EV-G genomes. Thirteen novel type 2 recombinant enterovirus G genomes lacking structural proteins were identified in pig farms in Japan, suggesting persistent infection and circulation among weaning piglets and sows.
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