Key result
During persistent infection in cattle and buffalo, FMDV accumulated mutations at a rate of 1.816 x 10^-2 substitutions/site/year, leading to antigenic divergence from the vaccine strain.
Why the study?
The role of foot-and-mouth disease virus persistently infected ruminants in initiating new outbreaks remains controversial, and perceived threats hinder international trade in endemic countries.
Population
Cattle and buffalo with naturally occurring persistent FMDV infection at an organised dairy farm in India
Comparison
Convalescent vs sub-clinically infected animals, and cattle vs buffalo
Design
Longitudinal study
Authors
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Persistent FMDV carriage shows antigenic variation in ruminants; leaves open its contribution to outbreaks and trade policy.
Observational (n=54)
No
Effect estimate: 1.816 x 10^-2 substitution/site/year (95% CI 1.362-2.31 x 10^-2)
This study demonstrates that FMDV undergoes substantial within-host and within-herd genetic and antigenic evolution during the carrier state in cattle and buffalo, potentially diverging from vaccine strain protection.
Biswal et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) persistent infection (n=54). Persistent FMDV infection vs. Acute infection (outbreak virus) was evaluated on Fixation of mutations in the P1 sequences of recovered viruses (1.816 x 10^-2 substitution/site/year, 95% CI 1.362-2.31 x 10^-2). During persistent infection in cattle and buffalo, FMDV accumulated mutations at a rate of 1.816 x 10^-2 substitutions/site/year, leading to antigenic divergence from the vaccine strain.
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