Key result
Cross-correlation-based vector flow imaging provided significantly lower bias or precision than the vector Doppler method (p<0.001) in evaluating vessel wall mechanics and flow patterns.
Why the study?
The authors sought to integrate pulse wave imaging with vector flow imaging to enable simultaneous, co-localized mapping of vessel wall mechanical properties and 2-D flow patterns.
p-value: p=<0.001
Integrating pulse wave imaging with vector flow imaging is feasible and can simultaneously map vessel wall mechanical properties and 2-D flow patterns, successfully distinguishing age-related changes in arterial stiffness and flow.
Integrates PWI with vector flow for co-localized wall-flow mapping; leaves open clinical validation in arterial disease.
Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is an ultrasound imaging modality that estimates the wall stiffness of an imaged arterial segment by tracking the pulse wave propagation. The aim of the present study is to integrate PWI with vector flow imaging, enabling simultaneous and co-localized mapping of vessel wall mechanical properties and 2-D flow patterns. Two vector flow imaging techniques were implemented using the PWI acquisition sequence: 1) multiangle vector Doppler and 2) a cross-correlation-based vector flow imaging (CC VFI) method. The two vector flow imaging techniques were evaluated in vitro using a vessel phantom with an embedded plaque, along with spatially registered fluid structure interaction (FSI) simulations with the same geometry and inlet flow as the phantom setup. The flow magnitude and vector direction obtained through simulations and phantom experiments were compared in a prestenotic and stenotic segment of the phantom and at five different time frames. In most comparisons, CC VFI provided significantly lower bias or precision than the vector Doppler method ( ps= 0.90 and p <; 0.001), while significantly lower compliance ( p <; 0.01) and lower peak flow velocity magnitude ( p <; 0.001) were determined in older (54-73 y.o.) compared with young (24-32 y.o.) subjects. Finally, initial feasibility was shown in an atherosclerotic common carotid artery in vivo. The proposed imaging modality successfully provided information on blood flow patterns and arterial wall stiffness and is expected to provide additional insight in studying carotid artery biomechanics, as well as aid in carotid artery disease diagnosis and monitoring.
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Karageorgos et al. (2021) studied Carotid artery disease. Cross-correlation-based vector flow imaging (CC VFI) vs. Multiangle vector Doppler was evaluated on Bias or precision in flow magnitude and vector direction (p=<0.001). Cross-correlation-based vector flow imaging provided significantly lower bias or precision than the vector Doppler method (p<0.001) in evaluating vessel wall mechanics and flow patterns.
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