Impact of extending device longevity on the long-term costs of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy: a modelling study with a 15-year time horizon

Four patient populations requiring a single-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for prevention of sudden cardiac death with preserved (Population A) or impaired (Population B) left ventricular function, or requiring cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillation (CRT-D) in the context of heart failure in NYHA class II (Population C) or III (Population D).

Extended device longevity (9 years for ICDs; 7 years for CRT-Ds)

Standard device longevity (5 years for ICDs; 4 years for CRT-Ds)

Long-term costs including the cost of complications from a hospital perspective over a 15-year time horizon