Structural and Thermal Characterization of Halogenated Azidopyridines: Under-Reported Synthons for Medicinal Chemistry

Owing to their participation in Click reactions, bifunctional azides are valuable intermediates in the preparation of medicines and biochemical tool compounds. Despite the privileged nature of pyridines among pharmaceutical scaffolds, reports of the synthesis and characterization of azidopyridines bearing a halogen substituent for further elaboration are almost completely unknown in the literature. As azidopyridines carry nearly equal numbers of nitrogen and carbon atoms, we hypothesized that safety concerns limited the application of these useful bifunctional building blocks in medicinal and biological chemistry. To address this concern, we prepared and characterized nine azidopyridines bearing a single fluorine, chlorine, or bromine atom. All were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in which they demonstrated exotherms of 228–326 kJ/mol and onset temperatures between 119 and 135 °C. Selected azidopyridines were advanced to mechanical stress testing, in which impact sensitivity was noted for one regioisomer of C 5 H 3 FN 4 . The utility of these versatile intermediates was demonstrated through their use in a variety of Click reactions and the diversification of the halogen handles.