Domain structure of barium titanate single crystals has been studied by scanning force microscopy (SFM). In the SFM topography mode, a–c -domain contrast was observed due to surface deformation as a result of lattice distortion on the domain wall separating a - and c -domains. The variety of configurations in which a - and c -domains are arranged results in complex topography of the crystal surface. Antiparallel c -domains of submicron size were produced by applying a voltage bias to the SFM tip and subsequently imaged in the SFM piezoresponse mode with a resolution of less than 20 nm.
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Gruverman et al. (1997) studied this question.
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