The growth of S pecial E conomic Z ones ( SEZs ) in the G lobal S outh has been widespread and well documented. This article provides a comparative analysis of two SEZs in P anama that defy conventional export‐processing strategies by focussing on re‐exports and regional headquartering operations, which are relatively capital‐intensive rather than labour‐intensive. I argue that while this may be a sound economic growth strategy at the national scale, it must be complemented with directed, local strategies to address the country's chronic social development issues, which are underscored by centuries of institutional exclusion.
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Thomas Sigler (2013) studied this question.
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