Theoretical analysis reveals photon energy loss during redshift, suggesting cosmic acceleration potential fields rather than Doppler recessional velocities explain observations.
Redshift has always been associated with the Doppler effect, but sound waves and electromagnetic waves are different; if the association is wrong, the recessional speeds observed in the universe could be wrong. When redshift is observed, the energy of the photon is dropping; that change of energy cannot be explained by the Doppler effect. After a short history of the link Redshift-Doppler, the Ives-Stilwell experiment will be reinterpreted as a proof of special relativity, not a proof of the Doppler effect. A new proposal is presented: because of the acceleration of the expansion of the universe, there must be a potential field to explain that acceleration. A change of potential along that field could explain the change of energy corresponding to the redshift.
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Francois Danis (2025) studied this question.
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