Emergence of Human G2P[4] Rotaviruses in the Post-vaccination Era in South Korea: Footprints of Multiple Interspecies Re-assortment Events

Figures

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  Figure 1. Annual rates of rotavirus and G2P4 occurrence in Seoul, South Korea, from 2004 to 2015.

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  Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree constructed from the nucleotide sequences of VP7 (a) and VP4 (b) genes in Korean and representative RVA G2P[4] strains. Sequences obtained in the present study are indicated by a black triangle.

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  Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree constructed from the nucleotide sequences of VP1 (a) and VP2 (b) genes in Korean and representative RVA G2P[4] strains. Sequences obtained in the present study are indicated by a black triangle.

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  Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree constructed from the nucleotide sequences of VP3 (a) and VP6 (b) genes in Korean and representative RVA G2P[4] strains. Sequences obtained in the present study are indicated by a black triangle.

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  Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree constructed from the nucleotide sequences of NSP1 (a) and NSP2 (b) genes in Korean and representative RVA G2P[4] strains. Sequences obtained in the present study are indicated by a black triangle.

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  Figure 6. Phylogenetic tree constructed from the nucleotide sequences of NSP3 (a) and NSP5 (b) genes in Korean and representative RVA G2P[4] strains. Sequences obtained in the present study are indicated by a black triangle.

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  Figure 7. Phylogenetic tree constructed from the nucleotide sequences of NSP4 genes in Korean and representative RVA G2P[4] strains. Sequences obtained in the present study are indicated by a black triangle.

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  Figure 8. Alignment of the VP7 amino acid sequences in 12 Korean G2P[4] rotaviruses with those of the G2 RotaTeq vaccine and DS-1 strains. Positions of antigenic epitopes 7-1a, 7-1b, and 7-2 are indicated by A, B, and C, respectively. Amino acid numbering is based on the DS-1 strain sequence.