Crystals of Mn-doped Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (PZN) were grown by a flux technique. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated for <001> oriented crystals. Mn-substitution resulted in combinatory hardening and softening effects. Under high power resonant drive, the mechanical quality factor ( Q m ) and vibration velocity showed a considerable improvement, compared to the unmodified PZN crystals. Also, the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) was increased by Mn substitution. The combinatory effect is explained on the basis of mixed valence states of Mn.
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Priya et al. (2001) studied this question.
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