The decay of the M intermediate and the recovery kinetics of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) were detected optically in dry and wet bR Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films and electrically in dry films. From the electrical signals the kinetics of the proton motion was distinguished from the cell function and it was found to be equal to that determined optically for the M intermediate decay. The rate‐determining step for the recovery rate of bR was found to be the M state.
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Ikonen et al. (1993) studied this question.
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