Two continuum-mechanical formulations for active muscle contraction can reproduce experimental data but diverge at submaximal stimulation rates.
Both models suffice for maximal activation; leaves open their relative accuracy under submaximal stimulation in cardiac muscle simulations.
Two approaches of including active contractile behaviour of muscle tissue written in a continuum‐mechanical formulation are presented. One approach relies on the addition of active and passive stress contributions, while the other approach is based on a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor. Both formulations can be stated in a thermodynamically consistent manner, each with different constraints, and both models can reproduce experimental data of passive and fully active muscle. Different behaviours are observed when comparing the active muscle models at submaximal stimulation rates. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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Heidlauf et al. (2013) studied this question.
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