Why the study?
The study of noroviruses and the development of an effective vaccine have been hampered by challenges including inability to propagate noroviruses in cell lines, rapid emergence of escape strains, and complex host susceptibility.
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Design
Review
This paper highlights the challenges in studying human norovirus immunity and developing effective vaccines, including viral propagation difficulties and rapid strain emergence.
Noroviruses (NVs) cause most outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis and account for 267 million infections and more than 200,000 deaths each year.1 Strains belonging to genotype GII.4 have led to 6 pandemics since 1995 and pose a major health and economic burden.2 Numerous challenges have hampered the study of NVs and the development of an effective vaccine. Such challenges include the inability to propagate NVs in established cell lines; the rapid emergence of novel GII.4 strains that escape herd immunity; and the complexity of host exposure histories and determinants of susceptibility, which complicate the interpretation of immunologic studies.
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Vesselin T. Tomov (2020) studied this question.
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