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In the modern world, the demand for bunkers has grown significantly as a vital means of protection against blast loads. This study investigates the structural response of underground bunkers subjected to surface blast loads using finite element (FE) analysis in ABAQUS/Explicit. The model uses the Mohr-Coulomb model for soil, Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) for the bunker liner, and Johnson-Cook for steel and aluminum. Five dome curvatures (flat, D/8, D/4, 3D/8, and D/2) were analyzed under a 1000 kg TNT explosion. Results show higher stress, deformation, and tension damage with increasing curvature, especially for D/2. Organic sandy clay caused maximum stress and deformation. Two mitigation strategies were proposed: upgrading concrete from M40 to M50 and adding an aluminum 2024-T3 liner. M50 concrete reduced stress by 19.23%, deformation by 5.09%, and damage by 2.63%, while the aluminum liner provided greater protection, reducing stress by 83.12%, deformation by 58.03%, and damage by 67.07%.
Rais et al. (Mon,) studied this question.