Why the study?
Enteric viruses cause diverse outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening disease by altering host mucosal immunity, but how host genetics, microbiota, and viral strains govern these interactions and their long-term health consequences requires synthesis.
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Design
Review
Enteric virus carriage may beneficially or adversely alter mucosal immunity; leaves open whether targeted modulation improves clinical outcomes.
Enteric viruses display intricate adaptations to the host mucosal immune system to successfully reproduce in the gastrointestinal tract and cause maladies ranging from gastroenteritis to life-threatening disease upon extraintestinal dissemination. However, many viral infections are asymptomatic, and their presence in the gut is associated with an altered immune landscape that can be beneficial or adverse in certain contexts. Genetic variation in the host and environmental factors including the bacterial microbiota influence how the immune system responds to infections in a remarkably viral strain-specific manner. This immune response, in turn, determines whether a given virus establishes acute versus chronic infection, which may have long-lasting consequences such as susceptibility to inflammatory disease. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction between enteric viruses and the immune system that underlie the impact of these ubiquitous infectious agents on our health.
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Bernard et al. (2023) studied this question.
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