Shallow seismic reflection mapping of the overburden-bedrock interface with the engineering seismograph; some simple techniques

Where unconsolidated overburden exceeds 20 m in thickness, the reflection method may be efficiently used with a 12-channel engineering seismograph to map topography on the overburden-bedrock interface as well as possible structure within the overburden. The two techniques we suggest are the simplest forms of reflection profiling which can be applied with a minimum amount of equipment which we suggest is a 12-channel enhancement seismograph, a 12-geophone array, and a hammer source. These techniques require good transmission characteristics of the overburden as well as a sharp velocity discontinuity at the overburden-bedrock interface. For data processing and display a microcomputer is essential.