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August 3, 2026Discover SustainabilityOpen Access

Economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Somalia testing the N shaped environmental Kuznets curve

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Authors

AYAhmed Ali YusufMAMohamed Abdirahman AbdihamidAAAbdirahman Kasim Mohamed Abdullahi

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Overview

Randomized trial finds an N-shaped relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in Somalia, suggesting increased regulation is necessary.

Key Points

  • This study aims to examine the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Somalia using the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework.
  • Analyzed data from 1987 to 2023 using an N-shaped EKC model with cubic income specifications.
  • Tested variable stationarity using Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron tests.
  • Employed ARDL bounds testing to assess long-run relationships among variables.
  • Long-run findings support an N-shaped EKC, where initial economic growth increases CO₂ emissions before reducing them after a certain income level, then increasing again.
  • Primary energy consumption and urbanization are positively correlated with emissions, while gross capital formation and foreign direct investment show no significant effects.
  • Short-run results indicate CO₂ emissions are persistent, with a significant adjustment towards long-run equilibrium, corrected within a year.

Cite This Study

Yusuf et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a70403e75942ff7265e50cchttps://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-04195-5
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Carbon Emissions and Environment Sustainability in Somalia: Examining the Nexus with Economic Factors, Energy Consumption, and Urban Growth using an ARDL Approach2025
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  3. 3Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and trade openness on CO2 emissions within the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework in Somalia2026
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