What does this research mean for the field?

In Somalia, environmental degradation is primarily driven by asymmetric energy and trade dynamics rather than income effects, with increased energy consumption exacerbating CO2 emissions and increased trade openness reducing them. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate the asymmetric effects of energy consumption and trade openness on carbon dioxide emissions within the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework.

August 22, 2026Discover SustainabilityOpen Access

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and trade openness on CO2 emissions within the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework in Somalia

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Authors

MFMohamed Ali Farah IHIkram Abdrizak Hashi

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Overview

Econometric analysis reveals asymmetric impacts of energy use and trade on carbon emissions in Somalia, highlighting the necessity of renewable energy transition.

Key Points

To investigate the asymmetric effects of energy consumption and trade openness on carbon dioxide emissions within the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework.
Applied the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) framework and bounds cointegration testing.
Verified stationarity using Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron unit root tests, and confirmed model robustness via Wald and diagnostic tests.
Positive shocks to energy consumption produced significantly larger increases in emissions than the reductions produced by negative shocks.
Positive trade openness shocks decreased environmental degradation, whereas negative trade shocks increased emissions.
Weak empirical support was observed for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, indicating income growth alone does not determine emissions.

Cite This Study

Farah et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a895ec3ca7ade938187ce72 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-04322-2

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August 22, 2026Discover SustainabilityOpen Access

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and trade openness on CO2 emissions within the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework in Somalia

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

MFMohamed Ali Farah IHIkram Abdrizak Hashi

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Econometric analysis reveals asymmetric impacts of energy use and trade on carbon emissions in Somalia, highlighting the necessity of renewable energy transition.

Key Points

To investigate the asymmetric effects of energy consumption and trade openness on carbon dioxide emissions within the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework.
Applied the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) framework and bounds cointegration testing.
Verified stationarity using Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron unit root tests, and confirmed model robustness via Wald and diagnostic tests.
Positive shocks to energy consumption produced significantly larger increases in emissions than the reductions produced by negative shocks.
Positive trade openness shocks decreased environmental degradation, whereas negative trade shocks increased emissions.
Weak empirical support was observed for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, indicating income growth alone does not determine emissions.

Cite This Study

Farah et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a895ec3ca7ade938187ce72 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-04322-2

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