T-type calcium channel blockers: a review of recent advances (2018–2025)

INTRODUCTION: T-type calcium channels are critical for a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes, and are potential molecular targets for antiepileptics, analgesics and drugs that alleviate non-essential tremor. There have been extensive efforts in identifying and developing novel small organic compounds that block the activities of T-type calcium channels. This is reflected in a number of patent applications and issued patents that cover such molecules. AREAS COVERED: Literature and patent databases (PubMed, Scopus, WoS, USPTO, EPO, SciFinder, Lens, Patentscope, Google Patents, Freepatentsonline) were searched from 2018 to 2025.This review updates the landscape of T-type calcium channel blockers focusing on patented organic small molecules categorized by chemical scaffold. EXPERT OPINION: Multiple molecules that target T-type calcium channels have been tested in preclinical models and some have recently advanced into the clinic. Adverse effects of pan T-type calcium channel blockers that have been reported in clinical trials for non-essential tremors may perhaps be avoided by the development of T-type channel subtype specific inhibitors.