Unraveling the demographic and socioeconomic factors shaping subjective health status in Chile over three decades: implications for health policy

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Percentage of individuals self-reporting their health status over different time periods. Note: N = 6691. Mean subjective health status significantly differs across time periods (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$F = 19.337, p < 0.001, df = 5, 6685$$\end{document}F=19.337,p<0.001,df=5,6685). 95% confidence intervals for the mean health status by time period are as follows: 1990–1993 (2.37, 95% CI [2.33, 2.41]), 1994–1998 (2.30, 95% CI [2.25, 2.35]), 1999–2004 (2.16, 95% CI [2.12, 2.20]), 2005–2009 (2.19, 95% CI [2.14, 2.23]), 2010–2014 (2.12, 95% CI [2.07, 2.16]), and 2017–2019 (2.16, 95% CI [2.11, 2.21])

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  Fig. 2. Positive Self-reported Health Status by sex and age. Note: women = 2166, N men = 2208. Mean subjective health status was higher among women (2.30, 95% CI [2.26, 2.34]) compared to men (2.14, 95% CI [2.11, 2.17]) (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$F = 67.293, p< 0.001, df = 1, 6689$$\end{document}F=67.293,p<0.001,df=1,6689). Differences between age groups were also significant at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p < 0.05$$\end{document}p<0.05 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$F = 59.599, p < 0.001, df = 6$$\end{document}F=59.599,p<0.001,df=6), with mean health status increasing from 1.99 (95% CI [1.94,…

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  Fig. 3. Self-reported health status by maximum educational level. Note: N = 4134. Mean subjective health status significantly differs across educational levels (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$F = 138.815, p < 0.001, df = 3, 4130$$\end{document}F=138.815,p<0.001,df=3,4130). Mean health status was highest among individuals with no education (2.73, 95% CI [2.64, 2.82]), followed by those with primary education (2.33, 95% CI [2.29, 2.37]), secondary education (2.08, 95% CI [2.05, 2.11]), and higher education (1.91, 95% CI [1.87, 1.95])

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  Fig. 4. Self-reported Health Status by income decile. Note: N = 6391. Mean subjective health status significantly differs across income deciles (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$F = 40.223, p < 0.001, df = 9, 6381$$\end{document}F=40.223,p<0.001,df=9,6381). 95% confidence intervals for the mean health status by income decile are as follows: 1st decile (2.57, 95% CI [2.50, 2.64]), 2nd decile (2.42, 95% CI [2.37, 2.47]), ..., 10th decile (1.97, 95% CI [1.89, 2.05])

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  Fig. 5. Health-focused programs in Chile by year. Note: N=479 Health-focused programs, 2012–2021

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  Fig. 6. Health-focused programs by scopes of actions. Note: N=456 Health-focused programs, 2012–2021

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  Fig. 7. Health-focused programs declaring contributions to SDGs. Note: N=244 Health-focused programs, 2017–2021)