Short-term effects of vaccination againstCOVID-19 on humoral and cellularimmune response in adults

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

<ns3:p>Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 activates the cellular and humoral immune response.Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (CoV2- -IgG) and T lymphocyte response to specific SARS-CoV-2 stimuli by releasing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and humoral and cellular compounds, as well as to determine the impact of previous COVID-19, age, and BMI on the tested parameters in healthy volunteers six months after vaccination.Material and methods: We assessed the concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with an indirect chemiluminescence test and the concentration of IFN-γ with the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA).Results: CoV2-IgG was present in all subjects (n = 80), but not all tested volunteers were positive for IGRA (n = 62). The concentrations of both parameters were higher in people who had contracted COVID-19 before the test. The concentration of CoV2-IgG was higher in the IGRA-S1-positive group than in the IGRA-S1- -borderline group. Age (R = –0.237, p = 0.05) and BMI (R = –0.343, p = 0.003) were negatively correlated with the concentration of antibodies in the group with no history of COVID-19. The concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IFN-γ were positively correlated (R = 0.384, p = 0.001) among the vaccinated people.Conclusions: A moderate similarity was observed among the entire study group in the humoral and cellular post-vaccination effects. SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by vaccination against COVID-19 may result in a more robust humoral and cellular response than the vaccination itself. On the other hand, the humoral response may be impaired in its ability to mount an effective immune response following vaccination with age. The lymphocyte T response to specific SARS-CoV-2 stimuli seems not to be affected by BMI, while further steps leading to successful IgG production may be impaired with increasing body mass.</ns3:p>