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When a shorting pin is added to the planar monopole antenna, an additional mode is excited below the fundamental mode. By optimising the dimensions, a compact wideband antenna can be constructed. The size reduction achievable for this antenna is ~50% compared with an equivalent planar monopole without a shorting pin. Owing to its compact size and wideband performance, this antenna is suitable for use in existing and future mobile communication terminals.
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Lee et al. (1999) studied this question.
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