Magnetohydrodynamic Natural Convection Flow and Heat Transfer of Dusty Nanofluid Over a Vertical Stretching Sheet

This research article aims to investigate the momentum and heat transfer behaviour of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of nanofluid containing dusty particles towards a vertical stretching sheet. Five different types of nanoparticles are studied which are Silver (Ag), Cupper (Cu), Cupper Oxide (CuO), Alumina (Al2O3) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). The governing equations of partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. The resulting ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions are then solved numerically by Runge Kutta Fehlberg with shooting technique. The results indicate that Lorentz force and Joule heating affect the velocities and temperature profiles of both fluid and dust phases due to the presence of magnetic fields. Subsequently, buoyancy impacts the velocity and temperature distribution within the fluid. Additionally, stronger interactions between the fluid and particles generate additional drag forces and enhance heat transfer. Furthermore, the effects of viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity also influence both profiles. Lower thermal diffusivity decreases momentum diffusion, resulting in a slower velocity profile and a thinner thermal boundary layer, which reduces the overall temperature. It is found that the influence of the volume fraction nanoparticles could reduce the thermal boundary layer thickness and the skin friction of the fluid. It is also detected that, Ag having the lowest rate of heat transfer among the other nanoparticles.