Key Points
- To assess how different exposure conditions and binding stability of 2-amino oleic acid (AOA) affect calcification inhibition in glutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine aortic valve cusps and aortic walls.
- Glutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine bioprosthetic heart valve (BPHV) cusps and aortic walls were treated with saturated AOA for varying time intervals, with subsets pretreated with lysine or NaBH4 to block or reduce free aldehydes.
- Calcium ion diffusion kinetics, long-term binding stability via an 8-month Tween 80 extraction, and in vivo calcification mitigation after 60-day rat subdermal implantation were evaluated.
- Subdermal implantation for 60 days showed maximum calcification inhibition at 120 hours of AOA treatment, yielding calcium levels of 20.1 ± 10.3 μg/mg in cusps and 71.4 ± 5.4 μg/mg in aortic walls versus 219.1 ± 6.8 μg/mg and 104.9 ± 8.5 μg/mg in controls.
- Following 8-month extraction in Tween 80, cusps and aortic walls retained 12.9% and 48.7% of initial AOA, while calcium ion penetration was retarded in an AOA exposure time-dependent manner in cusps but not in aortic walls.
- Pretreatment with lysine or NaBH4 before 72-hour AOA exposure reduced cusp AOA content to 34.2 ± 3.6 and 54.1 ± 3.0 nM/mg compared to 98.3 ± 2.7 nM/mg in untreated controls, yet 60-day calcium levels remained comparable (38.2 ± 9.1 and 47.0 ± 15.0 vs. 48.1 ± 6.2 μg/mg).
Structured PICO
Does 2-amino oleic acid treatment reduce calcification of glutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine bioprosthetic heart valves in a rat subdermal implant model?
PPopulationGlutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine bioprosthetic heart valves (BPHV) tissues (aortic valve cusps and aortic wall) implanted subdermally in rats
IIntervention2-amino oleic acid (AOA) saturated solution exposure for various time intervals (up to 120 h)
CComparatorControls (untreated BPHV tissues)
OOutcomeCalcium levels (micrograms/mg of tissue) after 60 days of rat subdermal implantsurrogate
2-amino oleic acid treatment inhibits calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves in an exposure time-dependent manner, though it is less effective for the aortic wall than for the cusps.