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A hybrid electro-optic oscillator is built up with an integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer on LiNbO3 and an electrical feedback circuit. Oscillation frequencies up to 1.54 GHz are achieved due to the high-frequency properties of the modulator. Oscillator operation as well as the synchronization behavior are analyzed by the describing function technique.
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Neyer et al. (1982) studied this question.
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