MicroRNA-221 is a potential biomarker of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Figure 1. Five myocardial miRNA expressions in HOCM group were significantly abnormal compared with the control group The expression of miR-19b (A) and miR-155 (i) were decreased significantly. The expression of miR-221 (B), miR-222 (C), and miR-433 (D) were increased significantly; HOCM, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Figure 2. The difference in CVF between HOCM and control groups The control group is significantly lower than the HOCM group; HOCM, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; CVF, collagen volume fraction.

Figure 3. Correlation between myocardial miRNA and myocardial fibrosis (A) Myocardial miR-221 was positively correlated with CVF (r = 0.516, P < 0.001). (B) Myocardial miR-221 was significantly and positively correlated with LGE (r = 0.307, P = 0.048). (C) Myocardial miR-19b was negatively correlated with LGE (r = −0.318, P = 0. 040). (D) There was no significant correlation between miR-19b and CVF (r = 0.183, P = 0.245). LGE means late gadolinium enhancement. P values were for bivariate correlation analysis.

Figure 4. Circulating and myocardial miRNA expression (A) MiR-221 expression in plasma was significantly increased (z = −2.010, P = 0.044). (B) There was a positive correlation between miR-221 expression in the plasma and myocardium (r = 0.434, P = 0.004). (C) MiR-19b expression in plasma decreased significantly (z = −4.301, P ≤ 0.001). (D) There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-19b in plasma and myocardium (r = −0.012, P = 0.942); HOCM, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Figure 5. Correlation between circulating miRNA expression and myocardial remodelling parameters (A) Negative correlation between mir-19b and LGE (r = −0.343, P = 0.026). (B) Positive correlation between miR-221 expression and CVF (r = 0.459, P = 0.002). (C) Significant positive correlation between miR-221 and LGE (r = 0.630, P < 0.001). (D) MiR-221 expression correlated with MIVST in echocardiogram (r = 0.318, P = 0.042). (E) The level of miR-221 was correlated with MIVST measured by CMR (r = 0.342, P = 0.027). (F) Positive correlation between miR-221 expression and LVMI calculated by echocardiography (r = 0638, P < 0.001); CVF, collagen volume fraction; IVST, interventricular septal thickness; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVMI, left ventricular mass index. P values were for bivariate correlation analysis.

Figure 6. ROC curve of miR221 and miR-19b- in plasma AUC, area under curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.