Going beyond language: Soft skill-ing cultural difference and immigrant integration in Toronto, Canada

This article traces how a language and soft skills training approach to Canadian immigrant integration emerged with Canada’s shift towards a post-industrial tertiary economy. In this economy, soft skills index characteristics of ideal workers that fit the needs of Canada’s post-Fordist labour regime. It examines how skills’ training is not viewed as overly assimilatory, although skills are recognized as culturally specific, because they are understood to be civic and work related rather than ethno-cultural. This paper argues that the value of soft skills, including communication skills, cannot be straightforwardly accumulated in post-Fordist labour regimes; rather, value is contingently and relationally defined in context-specific events. In such an economy, discrimination against immigrants is pervasive and indefinite, affectively woven into the means of production.